Two of the most important worldwide challenges we need to face are to increase food production and protect the environment against factors such as climate change and environmental degradation. This requires the development of optimum environmental management strategies supported by the access to better information on environmental media condition (e.g., soils, waters, sediments, wastes). Intelligent systems represent alternative analysis tools by providing cost effective, rapid and real time measurement of environmental media, resulting in a new era for their characterisation and assessment.